地铁车站火灾烟气的蔓延与控制

Smoke Spread and Control of Fire in Stations

采用FDS计算模拟了北京地铁某典型车站不同火灾情况下的三维烟气流场,结果显示,当火灾发生在离出口楼梯间较近的站厅时,烟囱效应对烟气控制起决定性的作用,并且此时不需要机械排烟。当站台中部发生火灾时,只有机械排烟和挡烟装置配合使用才可以有效地控制烟气。重点对出口通道能否满足人员疏散时温度、风速、能见度的要求进行了分析。

In this paper, three-dimensional smoke flow fields under various kinds of fires in a typical Subway Station of Beijing subway are computed by FDS. Results indicate that the stack effect plays a deterministic role in smoke control when a fire occurs near the stairwell; under such circumstances, no mechanical smoke control is necessary. When a fire occurs at the center of the platform, both the smoke evacuation fan and the smoke blocking wall can effectively control the smoke. This study provides both valuable information for the design of passenger evacuation routes in fires as well as criteria for the design of a smoke control system for subway stations.