花、基因、禾本科

Flowers, Genes, and Poaceae

进化发育生物学的一个重要任务就是揭示形态多样性的分子基础,该领域的研究包含形态、形态发育相关基因和形态所属类群等三个要素。花/花序是进化发育生物学研究的首要对象,系统发育重建和个体发育剖析的结合将促进认知花的形态进化。发育相关基因的进化表现为等位基因遗传或表观遗传的突变,基因家族生与死的进化,不同基因组拥有独特的基因。运用形态学或序列分析方法很大程度揭示了禾本科植物花进化过程中的基因进化。试从学科问题、思路方法以及具体例子介绍植物进化发育生物学。

A major task of evolutionary developmental biology is to explore the molecular basis of morphological diversity. The research in this area involves three elements： morphology, genes relevant to morphological development, and taxa encompassing certain morphology. Flowers/inflorescences are the primary research subject in evolutionary developmental biology, and their morphological evolution can be studied by integrating analyses of phylogeny reconstruction and developmental dissection. The evolution of genes relevant to development is represented by genetic or epigenetic mutations in allelic genes, the birth-and-death evolution of gene families, and unique genes possessed by different genomes. Approaches beginning with morphology or se- quencing gene evolution in flower evolution have been greatly used in the study of Poaceae. This review attempts to outline the plant evolutionary developmental biology of Poaceae in terms of disciplinary issues, strategic approaches and specific cases.