干旱寒冷地区梨树适宜负载量及树体参数的研究

STUDY ON THE APPROPRIATE FRUIT LOAD AND PARAMETERS OF PEAR TREE IN ARID AND COLD REGION

干旱寒冷地区因气候寒冷、生长期短、降雨量少。梨树的生长、结果受到很大的影响。必须适地适树、科学管理,而梨树的适宜负载量又是重中之重。本研究对河套地区苹果梨基地的好、中、差梨园连续多年调查、研究,并进行统计分析,得出苹果梨的株行距2 m×5m,树体适宜负载量:初果期15kg^20kg,好果率占90%以上;盛果期35kg^40 kg,好果率占80%以上;枝组负载量的计算公式为^y=-1.0325+1.9053x,花序适宜结果量为1个~2个;适宜负载量的树体参数为:树高3.5 m^4.0m,冠径2.0 m^2.5 m,;枝类比:初果期长枝占总枝的34%、中枝占30%、短枝占29%、发育枝占7%;盛果期长枝占总枝的20%、中枝占20%、短枝占60%;叶果比:初果期20~30:1;盛果期30~35:1。

It has short growth period, less rainfall and cold winter in the arid and cold region, thereby the growth and development of pear tree have been greatly affected. Scientific cultivation and proper management are required, among which appropriate fruit load plays an important role. In this study,different pear orchards in Hetao region were consecutively investigated and analyzed for several years. It showed that single plant yield of 5 -year old apple -pear tree （primary fruit period） is 15kg - 20 kg, with distance between trees being 2m × 5m in the space of rows, good quality fruit rate was more than 90% ; full fruit period was 35 -40 kg,good quality fruit rate was more than 80% ; the formula of calculatng load of shoots was y = - 1. 0325 ＋ 1. 9053x ,fruit quantity of flower cluster was 1 to 2; Tree parameters of appropriate fruit load： Tree height 3.5 m - 4 . 0m ,Crown diameter 2.0 m- 2.5 m;in primary fruit period, the rate of the long shoot to total shoot was 34% ,medium shoot was 30%, short shoot was 29% ,growth shoot was 7% ;in full fruit period , the rate of the long shoot to total shoot was 20% ,medium shoot was 20%, short shoot was 60% ,the rate of the leaf to fruit was 20 -30：1 in primary fruit period ;in full fruit period 30 -35：1.