魏晋书学中崇尚“自然”的审美观研究

Study on the Naturalness in Calligraphy during the Wei and Jin Dynasty

魏晋时期社会剧烈动荡,儒学信仰产生了危机。魏晋士人开始追寻对人生意义的深入探求,把思想引向了玄学。史家称此为“人的觉醒的时期”。人们主张个性张扬,追求“简约自然”的艺术神韵和趣味。这种崇尚“自然”的审美思潮,充分反映在当时的书法理论与创作之中。文章旨在探讨魏晋书法理论创作中自然观的思想渊源,书法创作中主体所具有的“心斋之心”,以及书法形态、书法品评过程中所反映出的自然观念以及对后世书学的影响。

Due to the turbulence in the Wei and Jin Dynasty, belief crisis occured in Confucianism. Some scholars started to deepen their probe in the meaning of life, directing the Wei and Jin Thought to metaphysics. Such a period was historically known as ＂Awakening Time＂. Under the influence of the view, people claimed personality, stinked to pursue simplisity and naturalness in art verve. Such kind of taste can be obviously detected in calligraphy at that time as well as in＇ some theories on calligraphy. This paper is intended to research on the source of View of Naturalness reflected in the form and review of calligraphy.