科学研究中利益冲突的本质与控制

Essence and Control of Conflict of Interests in Scientific Research

利益冲突是科学研究中普遍而且严重的问题,科学知识的生产与人类的社会公众、群体及个人利益之间具有密切关系,从科学认识论和方法论角度探讨科学研究中的利益冲突的本质具有重大意义,科学知识背后的社会利益与科学家的个人利益之间存在着矛盾,科学知识的客观性要求与人类认识不可避免的主观性之间的矛盾导致科学研究中的利益冲突,因而,对可能给科学认识带来偏见的利益作必要的调整或监督是控制科学研究中利益冲突的关键。

After taking conflicts of interest for prevalent and serious problems in scientific research,the author analyzed the relationship between the production of scientific knowledge and human interests,including interests of society,public,communities and individuals,and inquired the essential of conflict of interest in scientific research from viewpoint of epistemology and methodology of science. The author maintain that the conflicts of interest in scientific research are brought up by the contradictions of the social interest behind the scientific knowledge and the individual interest of scientist,and of the objectivity of scientific knowledge and the inevitable subjectivity of human cognition.Therefore,the vital step for controlling it is to regulate or supervise the interests,which may bring prejudices in research.