走向“信息完美”——论科斯定理对庭审过程的启示

The Trend of "Perfect Information"——The enlightment from the apllication of Coase ' s theorem in the trial procedure

运用科斯定理可以对民事诉讼中双方当事人之间的“和解”要价进行定量分析,但是科斯定理分析问题的一个重要假设是“信息完美”,这在现实中是不存在的。博弈论认为策略行为的实质是博取“私人信息”,诉讼的发生率则与信息不对称有较大的关联。故庭审程序的设计应当要有利于各方获取他方的证据信息,便于当事人进行信息比较和估计;庭审过程则应便于当事人获取对称的决策信息为目标;法官在庭审过程中的作用其实就是引导当事人从不完美信息趋向完美信息。双方当事人会根据证据交换、庭审质证认证的情况并结合自己可以接受的成本和风险底限决定自己的强硬策略值最终达到策略均衡。这样方可有效提高和解率。

The Coase＂ s theorem is useful in analyzing the price of ＂reconciliation＇offered by the parties in the civil litigation. The important assumption of the application of the theory is ＂perfect information＂, but there is no such ＂perfect information＂in the reality. The game theory holds that the nature of the strategic act is to get the personal information. As the rate of litigation is relevant to the asymmetric information, the design of trial procedure should make the parties get the symmetric information for decision making. So the main task of judge is to give instruction to the parties, help them to gain perfect information, the parties may decide there own strategy to reach the strategic equilibration based on the exchange of the testimony, the questioning and attestation during the trial, thus improve the rate of conciliation.