3种益生素配伍对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)生长、消化及肠道菌群组成的影响

FORMULATION OF THREE PROBIOTICS ON THE GROWTH,DIGESTIBILITY AND INTESTINAL MICROORGANISMS IN CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO CARP

选用196尾1龄异育银鲫[体重为(30±2)g],随机分成4组,其中,1组为对照组,2、3、4为试验组,1组投喂的为基础饲料,2、3、4组投喂的饲料是在基础饲料中分别添加100μg/g地衣芽孢杆菌、100μg/g地衣芽孢杆菌与100μg/g低聚木糖、100μg/g地衣芽孢杆菌与300μg/g复合酶制剂,在室内流水养殖系统中饲养112天。研究3种益生素及其配伍对异育银鲫生长、消化及肠道菌群组成等的影响。结果表明,2、3、4组异育银鲫的增重率比1组(对照)均有提高,并分别比对照组提高了23.97%、43.78%和18.36%(P<0.05)。试验组的营养物质表观消化率、肠道酶活性及肝胰脏蛋白酶mRNA表达量与对照组相比均有提高且差异显著(P<0.05)。在肠道菌群组成上,各试验组大肠杆菌数和乳酸杆菌均比对照组少且差异显著(P<0.05);而在肠道芽孢杆菌方面,除芽孢杆菌与酶制剂配伍组外,其余两试验组对芽孢杆菌均有促生长作用,芽孢杆菌与寡糖配伍组对芽孢杆菌的促生长作用明显(P<0.05)。由此可见,芽孢杆菌、低聚木糖、复合酶制剂及它们的配伍物可以促进异育银鲫的生长,提高饲料利用率,促进肠道有益微生物的生长和抑制有害微生物,并且能提高肝胰脏蛋白酶mRNA表达量和肠道酶活性。

196 Carassius auratus gibelio carps were divided randomly into 4 groups in our experiment in terms of the feed provided. Group 1 was the control fed with regular feed, whereas Groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed enriched with probiotics by adding 100μg/g Bacillus licheniformis, 100μg/g B. licheniformis ＋ 100μg/g xylooligosaccharides, and 100μg/g B. licheniformis ＋ 300μg/g enzymes, respectively. The experiment lasted 112 days. The growth rate and other indicators were recorded at the end of experiment. The results showed that the growth rate for Groups 2, 3, and 4 were 23.97% , 43.78% and 18.36% higher than that of the control respectively （P 〈 0.05） ;other indicators in Groups 2-4 including apparent digestibility coefficient of nutriment, intestine proteolytic activity and expression level of trypsinogen mRNA were also higher. The amounts of E. coli and Lactobacillus in the test groups were much lower than that of the control, showing significance among the groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. The growth of licheniformis was promoted in the test groups except for Group 3. On the other hand, all the additive-enriched groups showed negative influence on the growth of Lactobacillus （P 〈 0.05 ）. In conclusion, B. licheniformis, xylooligosaccharides, enzymes compound and their combinations can enhance the growth of the carp, and inhibit harmful microorganisms from multiplication, and improve the activities of enzymes in intestine and trypsinogen mRNA expression.