中国沿海部分海域麻痹性贝毒研究

DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF PSP TOXINS IN SHELLYFISH IN COASTAL AREAS OF CHINA

采用美国分析化学家协会推荐的小白鼠生物检测法,对产于大连、深圳、广西北海和福建厦门海域的贝类进行麻痹性贝毒检测,选取部分有毒样品进行高效液相色谱毒素成分分析。小白鼠生物检测法检测结果表明,样品消化腺毒素含量为0—25.3MU/g,剔除消化腺的其他贝类软组织均没有检测到PSP的存在。消化腺和其他软组织的毒力加权平均值为0—2.6MU/g,低于联合国粮农组织制定的贝类安全食用标准的限定值4MU/g。大连海域染毒样品的检出率为50%,在四个海域中最高,福建海域检出率则最低。高效液相色谱毒素成分分析结果表明,深圳和广西北海海域贝类所含PSP成分相似,包含有C毒素(C1/2),GTX毒素(GTX1—4)和STX,而大连海域贝类含有的毒素组分与前两者有较大差异,且随贝类采集的不同时期而变化。

As PSP（paralytic shellfish poisoning）toxins is a biological toxins causing nervous-system damage and generated in some members of Pyrrophyta. It commonly can be absorbed and enriched by shellfish in marine environments. Incidents of human poisoning or death by taking polluted shellfish in some coastal regions were often reported in recent years in China. To ensure the safety and prevent the case from happening again, Chinese government has formulated corresponding sanitary standards and preventative measures. However,duo to underdevelopment in complete surveillance system on PSP, as a part of the system, this project was carried out between 2003-2004 in four representative regions including Dalian, Shenzhen, Beihai, and Xiamen ,to screen on the toxicity and its distribution in the shellfish in these areas. 78 samples were collected. Subsamples were taken from digest gland and flesh tissues. The PSP toxicity in them was determined by the AOAC mouse bioassay and HPLC （high performance liquid chromatography methods）. The results showed that 7 out of 14 samples in Dalian including Chlamys Mimachlamys nobilis and Pecten albicans were contaminated with the toxicity in digest gland at between 1.81 and 18.41MU/g. Fortunately, no PSP has been detected in the flesh. Eight out of 20 samples from Shenzhen area were contaminated from 1.56 to 3.03MU/g in digest gland. Only two of 24 samples from Xiamen and one of 20 from Beihai ones in digest gland were found contaminated with PSP toxins. The PSP in the shellfish of Dalian was the highest among the four and the lowest in Xiamen. The HPLC profile shows that the compositions of the toxins were different from place to place which may be resulted from different toxin generators that lived in these areas. Further study is needed to reveal the spectra of them. The authors compared the detection methods in the last part of the paper. HPLC was proved to be an effective method that better than mouse assay in the case.