等氮条件下有机无机肥配比对水稻产量的影响探讨

EFFECT OF RATIO OF ORGANIC MANURE/CHEMICAL FERTILIZER IN FERTILIZATION ON RICE YIELD UNDER THE SAME N CONDITION

利用湖南省9个稻田生态系统长期定位监测点（1986年-1999年）资料，分析了不同施肥制度下稻谷产量和土壤肥力的差异，着重探讨了等氮投入条件下有机无机肥配比对产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：与无肥处理相比较，长期施用化肥的增产率为115％（早稻）和68％（晚稻），低量有机肥施用为128％（早稻）和79％（晚稻），高量有机肥为123％（早稻）和79％（晚稻）。水稻生长期间的矿质养分供应是引起试验期间不同施肥方式下稻谷产量差异的主要原因。对不同处理之间经济产量的差异进行了分析，低量有机肥与化肥处理产量差呈现先增加后降低的趋势，低量有机肥与高量有机肥处理产量差呈逐步降低的趋势。说明等氮投入条件下不同施肥方式对产量影响的差异可能只是试验时间较短情况下出现的暂时现象，随着培肥时间的延长和基础地力的提高，当土壤本身可以提供较多的矿质养分时，施肥方式之间的差异将降低。对土壤肥力变化分析表明，化肥单施在提供速效养分的同时也具有培肥土壤的能力，明显提高了土壤中各养分含量，但其效果低于有机无机肥配施处理。高量有机肥土壤养分含量均高于低量有机肥处理。

Based on the data obtained from 9 long-term field experiments （ 1986 - 1999） in Hunan Province, difference in rice yield and soil fertility between paddy fields under different fertilization patterns was analyzed, with emphasis on effect of ratio of organic manure/chemical fertilizer on flee yield and soil fertility under the same N input condition. Results show that： based on averages over 13 years, Treatment NPK was 115.43% （early rice） and 68.20% （late rice）, Treatment L-OM, 128.45% （early flee） and 79.26% （late rice） ,and Treatment H-OM, 122.87% （early rice） and 78.66% （late flee） higher than CK in yield. Mineral nutrients supply in the flee growth period is the key factor that leads to difference in rice production between different treatments. Compared with CK, Treatment NPK was obviously higher in soil nutrient content, indicating that chemical fertilizer does not only supply mineral nutrients to the crop, but also improve soil fertility. Treatment H-OM was higher than Treatment L-OM in soil nutrient content, suggesting that a high proportion of organic manure in fertilization has better effect on improvement of soil fertility. During the early monitoring period, the difference between Treatments L-OM and NPK in yield was widening, and then narrowing in the last few years. The difference between Treatment L-OM and H-OM always showed a narrowing trend, especially for late flee. All these suggest that yield difference varying with organic-inorganic fertilizer ratio is a temporary phenomenon and with the time going by and improvement of soil fertility, this difference will become narrower and narrower and even disappear.