中国淡水和近海鱼类的生态对策研究

ECOLOGICAL STRATEGY OF FRESHWATER AND INSHORE FISHES IN CHIAN

通过渐近体长（Ｌ∞），渐近体重（Ｗ∞）、生长系数（Ｋ）、初次性成熟年龄（Ｔｍ）、最大年龄（Ｔｍａｘ）、瞬时自然死亡率（Ｍ）和种群繁殖力（ＰＦ）等七个生态学参数的比较，研究１９种淡水鱼类和１５种近海鱼类的生态对策。根据ｒ—选择和ｋ—选择的典型特征以及各参数间相互关系的显著性，３种鲟鱼类属ｋ—选择；牙鲆等５种近海鱼类偏向ｋ—选择；青鱼、勒氏笛鲷等９种鱼类偏向ｒ—选择；鲤、黄鲫等１７种鱼类为ｒ—选择。对ｒ－ｋ选择的资源特征及其对捕捞的反应做了分析，只有合理控制捕捞强度和起捕年龄，才能保护资源，获得较好的经济效益。

Ecological strategy of 19 species of fresh water and 15 species of inshore fishes arestudied by analyzing seven ecological parameters of asymptotic body-length (L∞)、asymptoticbody-weight (W∞)、growth coefficient(k)、primary reprocuctive age (Tm),maximum age (Tmax),instantaneous natural mortality(M)and population fecundity (PF).According to the typicalcharacteristics of r and k-selection and the distinction of the interrelationship between each parameter, There is conclusion that three species of Sturgeon belong to k-selection, Bastard halibutetc. 5 species inshore fishes tend to k-selection; Black and Russell's snapper etc.9 species tend tor-selection, and Carp、Hairfin anchovy etc. 17 species, r-selection.The resources characteristicsof r or k-selection and their reaction to fishing are analyzed, too.Only when the harvestingstrength and the first fishing age are properly controlled,the resources can be protected and abetter economic efficiency can be gained.