桑沟湾海水养殖现状评估及优化措施

MARICULTURE STATUS AND OPTIMISING MEASUREMENTS FOR THE CULTURE OF SCALLOP COLALYS FARRERI AND KELP LAMINARIA JAPONICA IN SANGGOU BAY

桑沟湾湾内外海带现养殖总水面为７５００ｈｍ２，平均养殖量为９００ｋｇ／１５００ｍ２左右，平均养殖容量约为６００ｋｇ／１５００ｍ２，养殖量高于养殖平均容量约５０％。该湾栉孔扇贝现养殖总量为２０亿粒，平均养殖密度为５０粒／ｍ２。与养殖容量相比，壳高３～４ｃｍ的栉孔扇贝的养殖密度尚未达到其养殖容量，有进一步增加养殖密度的潜力；壳高４～５ｃｍ的中等大小的栉孔扇贝的养殖密度已基本达到其养殖容量，应保持现养殖密度；壳高５～６ｃｍ的栉孔扇贝的养殖量已超过其养殖容量，应将其养殖密度减少４０％左右。本文以理论养殖容量为依据，从养殖密度、海流、附着生物、养殖品种结构、养殖布局规划及最佳养殖水层等６个方面对该湾的养殖现状及养殖模式优化措施进行了较为详细的探讨。

The present culture density of kelp in the bay is 900kg/1500m2 in dry weight,about 50% higher than the bay' s carrying capacity. The present culture density (50 ind/m2) of scallop with shell height of 3～4cm is about 90% lower than carrying capacity,the deputy of scallop with shell height of 4～5 cm is equivalent to the bay's Carrying Capacity,the culture density of scallop with shell height of above 5 cm is almost 60% higher than the bay's carrying capacity. Measurements for optimising the culture models are discussed in this paper based on the current velocity, culture density, culture depth, polyculture, fouling organisms and arrangement of longline culture.