湿地生态系统服务市场机制研究

On the Market Mechanism of Wetland Ecosystem Services

湿地破坏的根本原因在于人们片面追求短期利益而忽视长期利益、追求个人局部利益而忽视社会整体利益。湿地生态系统服务市场机制能够促进湿地保护、恢复和重建。在湿地动植物产品、生态旅游和污水处理等方面,湿地生态系统服务市场具有很大发展潜力。明晰产权是建立市场机制的基础,湿地资源的产权界定要依据其外部性和公共物品的特性。土地利用者应比较湿地开发与保护的净效益选择净效益最大的方案。政府可采取适当的激励措施减少目前许多湿地产品和服务市场仍存在的缺失或缺陷,为生态系统服务市场的建立和发展提供条件。

The basic reason of wetlands destruction is that people pursue short-term private benefits but overlook the long-term social benefits. The market mechanism for wetland ecosystem services can accelerate wetland conservation, restoration and construction. Especially in wetland animal and plants products, ecotourism and swage treatment, these markets are showing great potential. Clarifying property rights is the foundation of market mechanism. As for wetland resources, property rights are defined by their characteristics of externality and common goods. Land users will choose the scheme with highest yield through comparison the net yield of development and conservation. The government needs to take proper policies to reduce the absence and weakness on existing market in order to support the establishment and development of wetland products and services market.