小麦花粉的离体萌发研究

Germination of Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) Pollen in Vitro

为筛选适合小麦花粉离体萌发的培养基配方,建立有效的离体萌发方法体系,以小麦品种西农1376为材料研究了不同浓度组合的蔗糖和聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)在小麦花粉离体萌发中的作用,在此基础上又研究了硼酸(H3BO3)、钙离子(Ca2+)以及生理活性类物质维生素B1(VB1)对小麦花粉离体萌发的影响。结果表明:(1)一定浓度的蔗糖、PEG4000、H3BO3、Ca2+对小麦花粉的萌发有明显的促进作用,而VB1对花粉萌发的效果不明显;(2)18%蔗糖+9%PEG4000+2 g/L Ca(NO3)2.4H2O+60 mg/L H3BO3的培养基成分比较适合小麦花粉的离体萌发;(3)在28℃的条件下培养50 min最适合小麦花粉的萌发及观察与统计;(4)在上述培养基和培养条件下直接采用本研究设计的离心管封闭培养方法可使西农1376的花粉萌发率达到70%以上。

16 media were tested to select the optimum concentrations of sucrose and polyethylene glycol for the germination of wheat pollen in vitro. The effects of HaBOa, Ca（NOa）2 · 4H2O and VB1 on wheat pollen germination were also tested. The main results are as follows. （1） Sucrose, polyethylene glycol, H3BO3 and Ca^2＋ were essential for the germination of wheat pollen in vitro. （2） Pollen grains were successfully germinated in the artificial medium consisting of 18% （w/v） sucrose, 9% （w/v） polyethylene glycol （molecular weight approximately 4,000）, 2 g/L Ca（NOa）2 · 4H2O and 60 mg/L HaBO3. （3） Optimum pollen germination （germination rate 74. 28%） occurred after cultured in the selected medium at 28℃ for 50 minutes, which were suitable for observation and count of pollen germination. The germinated pollen could be stained with 1% aceto carmine and observed under light microscope. These results are of great value for identifying pollen vigor and fertility of wheat.