小黑麦种子外观品质性状的遗传研究

Genetic Analysis of Some Kernel Exterior Quality Traits in Triticale

为研究小黑麦外观品质性状的遗传规律,利用SD 04-1等6个小黑麦品种进行完全双列杂交,采用胚乳性状的遗传模型及其分析方法对亲本和F1所结种子的粒长、粒宽、粒厚等性状进行遗传分析。结果表明,种子外观性状的表现同时受制于胚乳核基因、母体植株基因和细胞质基因三套遗传体系。控制种子粒长的遗传效应主要是种子直接加性效应(VA=0.138**),种子的粒宽、粒厚、长宽比和长厚比的遗传效应主要受母体显性效应控制(母体遗传方差占总遗传方差的35.59%-51.52%),粒长和粒厚存在细胞质效应。研究还发现,小黑麦粒长、长宽比、长厚比以胚乳直接遗传率为主,粒厚的细胞质遗传率也达到了极显著水平。就外观性状总体情况而言,参试亲本以P1(SD 04-1)、P3(04草鉴3)为好,其三种遗传效应能显著改善多数外观性状。

In order to study genetic regulation of seed exterior quality traits in triticale, fully-dialed crosses with six parents of triticale were conducted through analyzing kernel length, kernel width and thickness, by a genetic model based on endosperm quantitative characters and analytical methods for parents and their F2 seeds. The results indicated that the exterior traits for seeds were controlled by endosperm, cytoplasm and maternal genetic effects. Kernel length were mainly controlled by direct additive effects（VA =0. 138^＊＊ ） ,kernel width, thickness, radio of kernel length to width（L/W） and radio of kernel length to thickness（L/T） were mainly controlled by maternal dominance effects（maternal genetic variance reached 35.59%～51.52% of total genetic variance）. Kernel length and thickness have cytoplasm genetic effects. Endosperm direct heritability was the major parts of genetic effects for kernel length. Predicted genetic effects showed that P1 （SD 04-1） and P3 （04 Caojian 3） were better than other parents, and could be used to improve the exterior traits of Triticale seeds.