灌水方式对不同小麦品种水分利用效率和产量的影响

Effect of Irrigating Treatments on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Different Wheat Cultivars

为给冬小麦生产中合理灌溉提供依据,以河农859和豫麦49为材料,设置三种灌水方式,即S1(冻水+拔节水)、S2(拔节水)和S3(拔节水+灌浆水),主要研究了不同水分处理下2个品种各生育时期土壤含水量的变化动态、水分利用效率和产量性状。结果表明,在拔节期、灌浆前期和生育后期,S1、S2处理0-80cm土层分别处于不同程度的水分胁迫条件下,S3处理0-40 cm处于不同程度胁迫。豫麦49的水分利用效率以S3处理最高,且显著高于S1和S2;河农859的水分利用效率以S2、S3较高,且显著高于S1,同时S2与S3的产量差异不显著,说明适度水分胁迫在不影响河农859产量的同时还可以提高水分利用效率。河农859籽粒产量以浇2水的S3较高,但与浇1水的S2产量差异不显著;而豫麦49在S3处理下的产量显著高于S2和S1。表明河农859抗旱性较强,只浇拔节水即可以在基本满足产量形成需要前提下提高水分利用效率;而豫麦49只有在供水充足条件下才能发挥其高产潜力。

In order to provide experimental basis for the dicision making of rational irrigation for different area and different wheat cultivars, a field experiment including three irrigation treatments, i.e. S1 （irrigating twice, before over-winter and at stem elongation stage respectively）, S2 （only one irrigation at stem elongation stage） and S3 （irrigating twice, at stem elongation and grain filling stage re spectively）, was conducted with two wheat cultivars Henong 859 and Yumai 49 as materials. Yield characters, soil water content and water use efficiency of wheat were studied. The main results showed that the soil layers 0～80 cm of the treatments S1 and 82 were in different extent of water stress at stem elongation and during late stages, while the soil layers 0～40 cm of the treatment S3 was also in water stress. Water use efficiency of Yumai 49 was highest in the treatment S3, and significantly higher than those in S1 and S2. While for Henong 859, water use efficiency of S2 and S3 were higher than S1, and the yield difference between S2 and S3 was not significant. These results in dicated that Henong 859 could increase water use efficiency under moderate water stress. For the cultivar Henong 859, the grain yield of the treatment S3 was higher than that of S2, but the difference of grain yield between the two treatments was not significant. For the cultivar Yumai 49, however, the grain yield of S3 was significantly higher than those of S2 and S1. These results demonstrated that, Henong 859 was a cultivar with stronger drought resistance, and only one irrigation at stem elongation stage could meet its water requirement for yield formation. While Yumai 49 only exerted its high yield potential with suitable water supply conditions.