施锌对冬小麦品质性状的影响

Effect of Zinc Fertilization on Quality Parameters of Winter Wheat

为明确锌对冬小麦品质的影响,2001-2002年度以强筋品种藁8901(以A表示)和普通品种石4185(以B表示)为材料,分别施ZnSO4.7H2O 0、11.25、22.5和33.75 kg/ha(2个品种与4个施锌水平组成的处理分别用A0、A11.25、A22.5、A33.75和B0、B11.25、B22.5、B33.75表示)。结果表明,施锌后2个品种品质性状的变化情况不同,但都在部分品质性状上有所改善。其中藁8901的容重由A0的813.5 g/L提高到823.3-826.0 g/L,差异显著;沉淀值由A0的30.3 mL增加到33.3-33.6 mL;面粉吸水率由A0的65.2%提高到A22.5的67.6%;面团形成时间由A0的6.5 min提高到A22.5的7.5 min;面团稳定时间由A0的11.5 min提高到A22.5的13.5 min;籽粒粗蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和评价值随施锌量增加略有增减,但变化较小;ZnSO4.7H2O施用量超过22.5 kg/ha以上品质参数都有所变劣。石4185的沉淀值、湿面筋含量、面粉吸水率、面团形成时间、面团稳定时间和评价值随施锌量增加有所改善,一般在ZnSO4.7H2O施用量为22.5 kg/ha或33.75 kg/ha时达到最高值,而容重和粗蛋白质含量的变化很小。综合上述各项品质指标,认为ZnSO4.7H2O施用量为22.5 kg/ha时对强筋小麦品种的品质形成较为有利。

In order to clarify the effects of zinc fertilizer on quality parameters of winter wheat, a field experiment with four zinc levels （ZnSO4 · 7H2O 0, 11.25, 22.5 and 33.75 kg/ha） was conducted on the Teaching and Demonstration Farm of Agricultural University of Hebei during 2001～2002, with strong gluten winter wheat cutivar Gao 8901 （cutivar A） and common commercial cutivar Shi 4185 （cutivar B）. The eight treatments combined the two cultivars with the four zinc levels were named A0, A11.25, A22.5, A33.75 and B0, B11.25, B22.5, B33.75 ,respectively. The results showed that, the changes of quality parameters of the two cutivars were different, but some of the quality parameters of the two cutivars were improved after zinc fertilization. For the strong gluten cultivar Gao 8901, the test weight increased from 813.5 g/L of A0 to 823.3～826.0 g/L among A11.25 ～A33.75, and the differences between A0 and other treatments were significant. The SDS sedimentation volume increased from 30. 3 mL in A0 to 33.3～33.6 mL in other treatments. The flour water absorption rate increased from 65. 2% in A0 to 67.6% in A22.5. The dough development time prolonged from 6.5 min in A0 to 7.5 min in A22.5. The dough stability time prolonged from 11.5 min in A0 to 13.5 min in A22. 5. The grain protein content, wet gluten content and volorimeter value were changed very little with zinc fertilization.However, the test weight, flour water absorption rate and volorimeter value reduced, and the dough development time and stability time shortened when zinc fertilizer amount was more than 22.5 kg/ha. For the common commercial cutivar Shi 4185, the SDS sedimentation volume, wet gluten content, flour water absorption rate, dough development time, dough stability time and volorimeter value became better with the increase of zinc fertilizers, and usually reached the highest values when the zinc fertilizer was ZnSO4 · 7H2O 22.5 or 33.75 kg/ha. But the test weight and crude protein content of grain were changed little with zinc fertilization. According to the results above, it was concluded that the zinc fertilization amount ZnSO4 · 7H2o 22.5 kg ha was benificial to the improvement of quality parameters in the strong gluten winter wheat cultivar, so that it could be recommended in wheat production.