小麦的高产育种途径及其发展趋势

Trendency on Methods of High Yield Breeding of Wheat

探讨了小麦高产育种的6种途径。从小麦育种的历史看,随着小麦品种产量潜力的提高,所需要协调的性状不断增加,从少数性状的协调到多性状的协调,从形态性状的协调到生育动态性状的协调,育种难度逐步增大。小麦高产育种就是不断协调各个性状关系,挖掘小麦光能利用潜力,促进光合产物的分配向经济产量倾斜。现阶段小麦自身的光合利用潜力尚未全部发挥出来,通过株型、生育动态的调整还可提高小麦的产量潜力。小麦育种的更高阶段是提高小麦自身光合机能。

This paper discussed 6 ways of wheat high-yield breeding. From the view of wheat breeding history, as the yield potential of wheat variety increased, the characters need eoordinatly increase gradually, from few characters to characters, from phynotypic characters to dynamic developing characters more. The difficulty of high-yield breeding increased gradually. By the way of gradual coordination of various characters, the wheat breeding is to excavate the potential of light energy utilization, to promote the slanting of the photosynthate distribution ratio to the economical production. In present stage wheat photosynthesis potential did not fully explored. There is still potential to increase wheat yield through the adjust of plant type and adjust dynamic development. The higher stage of wheat breeding is to improve the photosynthesis function of wheat itself. There is a shortcut of wheat breeding to increase the whole function-heterotic effect utilization. There are many difficulties to solve for the last two ways.