我国土壤环境质量研究几个值得探讨的问题

Several Key Issues in Research of Soil Environmental Quality in China.

针对当前我国土壤环境工作情况,讨论了土壤环境质量研究中3个值得探讨的问题:土壤污染定义、土壤环境质量标准修订和土壤污染防治法立法。关于土壤污染的定义,目前尚无一致的认识。笔者在综合国内外主要观点的基础上提出了土壤污染的定义,并建议建立基于风险评估的土壤环境质量标准体系,认为目前宜制订土壤环境质量目标值、土壤(分别有农业、居住、工业用地土壤)环境质量指导值和土壤污染危害临界值3类标准值,同时分别提出了初步的制订方法。制定土壤污染防治法是我国建立一套行之有效的土壤环境管理体系的需要,笔者在技术层面上讨论了土壤污染防治法的制定问题。

In light of the works on soil environment in China, three important issues worth exploring in the research of soil environmental quality in China are discussed, i.e. definition of soil contamination, revision of soil environmental quality standards, and legislation of soil contamination prevention law. In view of ambiguity of the definition of soil contamination, a definition is developed by the authors summarizing various principal views at home and abroad. It is suggested that a risk-based soil environmental quality standard system be set up in China, consists of three standards： a target value for soil environmental quality, guideline values for soil （for agricultural, residential and industrial soils, respectively） environmental quality, and a threshold value for soil pollution. Methodologies for setting up those values are suggested. Development of the soil contamination prevention law is an essential requirement for establishment of an effective soil environmental management system in China. Therefore, technical issues are discussed in formulating the soil contamination prevention law in China.