从《秦誓》所见秦穆公人才思想看秦国兴盛之因——兼论《书·秦誓》的成文年代及主旨

King of Mu in the Qin Dynasty's View of Capable Persons and its Contribution to Prosperity of the Kingdom of Qin in Terms of the Qin Shi ——A Co-discussion on the Date of Writing and the Theme of the Qin Shi in the Book of Early Ancient History

《书·秦誓》并非学术界一般所说的是秦穆公的“悔过书”或“罪己诏”,它反映的是秦穆公尊贤使能的用人思想。《秦誓》作于秦三帅在崤战败后被遣归来的秦穆公三十三年。此时秦军将士喧哗滋事,其真正原因应是秦国将士借秦三帅失败之机掀起了反对外来将帅及其卿大夫的事件。秦穆公便借机宣讲了他的人才思想。秦穆公的人才思想在春秋中叶历史意义十分重大,它为秦穆公称霸诸侯、战国时秦国能彻底变法而迅速强大以及最后统一天下提供了重要条件。

The Qin Shi is not what the academic world usually takes as King of Mu of the Kingdom of Qin＇ s written statement of repentance or imperial decree of self - criticism, but a public statement of his view of capable persons. This decree was issued in the 33rd year of King of Mu when the three captive generals of the Qin troops which had been defeated in the Yaoshan Mountains were sent back home. It was just at this time that some troops started a riot, the actual reason for which was that, taking advantage of the defeat, these generals and troops showed their objection to use of generals and ministers from beyond the Kingdom of Qin. King of Mu took the opportunity and delivered his view of capable persons, which was a significant historical event in the midst of Spring and Autumn Ages which provided important conditions for King of Mu＇s winning overlordship, his state＇s reform and finally integrating the whole nation.