清至民国时期天山北麓地理景观的变化

Change of Geographical Scenery at the Northern Foot of the Tianshan Mountains from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

18世纪中叶以后,天山北麓地区随着农业人口的迁入,土地开发的不断拓展,使这一地区逐渐形成了以农业聚落和绿洲农业为主要特征的地理景观。18世纪中叶至19世纪中叶,在清政府的努力经营下,农业绿洲迅速扩展,农业聚落迅速增多;19世纪六七十年代,在战争的影响下,农业聚落和农业绿洲衰废;19世纪80年代以后,天山北麓重新进入一个和平发展时期,农业聚落和农业绿洲逐步恢复。到1949年之前,天山北麓形成了与天山平行的东西向断续分布的绿洲带,成为此后农业绿洲发展的基础。

Since the mid- 18th century, a geographical scenery characteristic of farming community and oasis agriculture was taking shape at the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains with coming of agricultural immigrants and continuous exploitation of land. Between the mid - 18th and the mid - 19th century, through unfailing efforts on the part of the Qing government, farming oases expanded rapidly and agricultural communities increased at a great rate. Between the 1760＇s and the i770＇s, under the influence of warfare, farming oases and agricultural communities shrank and declined. Since the 1880＇ s, as the area renewed an age of peaceful development, farming oases and agricultural communities recovered gradually. Up till 1949, a zone of oases scattered parallel horizontally to the Tianshan Mountains lay at the northern foot of the mountains, which laid the foundation for the later development of oasis agriculture.