前马克思主义阶级斗争理论的传播与发展

The Spread and Development of the Class Struggle Theory before Marxism Came into Being

阶级斗争理论在古希腊提出后,通过神学家的译著在中世纪得到了传播。而在维科的《新科学》中,这一理论继亚里士多德之后第一次用来分析历史上的阶级斗争。阶级斗争理论的发展则主要是通过圣西门的政治理论和法国复辟时期的历史理论实现的。圣西门不仅突破了阶级划分的传统标准,而且提出了新的阶级概念。更为重要的是,他重视和强调经济因素的作用,提出了所有制的概念。复辟时期的历史学家则使传统的说明由具体上升为一般,将阶级划分标准和阶级斗争爆发的原因概括为“利益关系”,并在阶级斗争的功用问题上提出了动力理论。

The class struggle theory had spread after it was raised in Greece by the theologians' translations. In “new science of Giambattista Vico”, It was the first time for him to analyses the class struggles in history by the theory after Aristeides. This theory was mainly developed by Saint-simon not only changed the traditional standard of dividing classes, but also formed a new concept of the struggle. More importantly, he emphasized the usage of economic factor and made a concept of ownership. The historians during Restoration generalized the traditional and specific explanations. They summarized the standards of dividing classes and the causes of class struggle's breaking out as “benefit relations”, and advanced the motive forces theory of class struggle. The political theorist such as K.Marx and F.Engels set up the class struggle doctrine on the foundation of these concepts and theories.