论犯罪过失中注意义务的实质标准

Substantial Standards of Duty of Care in Determining Criminal Negligence

注意义务的实质判断标准在刑法理论上分歧较大。英美法系存在着客观说与主客观统一说之分,大陆法系存在着主观说、客观说和折衷说之分,而中国刑法学则存在着主观说与主客观统一说之分。上述学说均存在不妥之处,应采取客观注意的主观化标准学说。

Theories of substantial standards of duty of care differ greatly in criminal law. In Anglo-American legal system, there are two doctrines： the objective doctrine and the mixed-subjective-and-objective doctrine. Three doctrines exist in the common law system： the subjective doctrine, the objective doctrine and the compromise doctrine. In China＇ s criminal law, one can find the subjective doctrine and the mixed-subjective-and-objective doctrine. After a comparative study of the standards of duty of care, this paper maintains that it is best for us to uphold the doctrine of subjectivized standards of objective care.