谈“X跟Y一样W”语式的语义预设

Semantic Presupposition of the Syntactic Pattern "X is as W as Y"

“X跟Y一样W”语式的语义预设相当复杂,但呈现出严格的规律。该语式在表示比拟的意义时,存在“YW”的预设义;在表示比较的意义时,其语义预设与“W”的性质有关:当“W”不是“大、小”类词时,存在着“YW”的预设义;当“W”是“大、小”类词的消极成分时,同样存在着“YW”的预设义;当“W”为“大、小”类词的积极成分时,不一定具有“YW”的预设义。也就是说,并不预设事物具有积极成分的概念意义所表达的性质,而是表示整个概念范围。

The semantic presupposition of the syntactic pattern ＂X is as W as Y＂ is rather complex. But rigorous laws have appeared. When the syntactic pattern express the meaning of metaphor or personification, ＇there is presupposition meaning of ＂YW＂ ; when it expresses the meaning of comparison： its semantic presupposition relates to the nature of ＂W＂; when ＂W＂ is not this category of words as ＂big or small＂ , there is presupposition meaning of ＂YW＂ ; when ＂W＂ is negative composition of the category of words as ＂big or small＂, there is presupposition meaning of ＂YW＂ as well; when ＂ W＂ is active composition of the category of words as ＂ big or small＂ , there is presupposition meaning of ＂YW＂ probably. That＇s to say, it expresses the whole concept scope.