精神分裂症患者心理防御机制及人格特征研究

Clinical study of schizophrenia patients′ psychological defense mechanism and their personality character

目的探讨精神分裂症患者心理防御机制和人格特征,以及二者在精神分裂症的病理心理机制中的作用。方法分别运用防御方式问卷(DSQ)和EPQ个性问卷对101例精神分裂症患者和30例正常人进行防御机制评定和人格测定,用PANSS量表对精神分裂症患者的疾病严重程度和临床特征进行评定。结果精神分裂症患者更多采用不成熟及中间型防御方式;防御方式与人格特征存在一定的关联性,不成熟及中间型防御方式都与EPQ的精神质(P)和神经质(N)得分呈显著正相关,成熟防御方式与内外向(E)得分呈显著正相关;女性较男性患者更多采用幻想、退缩、躯体化、升华等防御方式;阳性亚型患者比阴性亚型患者更多采用分裂和制止防御方式,较少采用交往倾向防御方式;治疗后精神分裂症患者使用不成熟及中间型防御方式明显减少;精神分裂症患者的人格特征为性格内向、情绪稳定性差、敏感多疑、攻击性强、自我中心、冷漠。结论精神分裂症患者存在病态人格,更多地使用不成熟及中间防御方式,精神分裂症与不成熟防御机制相互关联,有关结论可以指导精神分裂症的心理治疗。

[Objective] To explore the schizophrenia patients＇ defense styles and their personality character, and to study their effects. [Methods] 101 schizophrenia patients and 30 normal controls were tested by the Defense Style Questionnaire （OSQ） and Eysenek Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）, and 101 schizophrenia patients were assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）. [Results] The sore of Neurotic styles and immature styles was significantly high in the schizophrenia patients, but the seore remarkably decrease after the treatment for patients. The patients＇ defense styles were related to their personality character.The schizophrenia patients＇ personality character were of internal personality, unstable mood, excessive sensitivity and suspieiousness.aggression,ego- eentrism and emotional coldness. [Conclusion] The defense styles of schizophrenia patients are tended to be immatured and related to their psychopathic personality. These results can be applied in psychotherapy for the schizophrenia patients.