高强度电磁辐射与暴露人群神经衰弱综合征发生率

HIGH LEVEL ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE INCIDENCE OF NEURASTHENIC SYNDROME

目的了解军事作业环境中高强度电磁辐射的污染现状，以及神经衰弱综合征发生情况及其影响因素。方法以某雷达通信、电子干扰部队作业人员为对象，共1103人，根据神经衰弱综合征诊断标准对神经衰弱综合症的发生现况进行调查。进一步从总样本人群中选取观察组（276人）和对照组（273人），采用非条件logistic回归分析方法进行影响因素筛选。结果在作业现场平均功率密度[（1．1-21．2）mw·cm^-2]远高于国家卫生标准（50μw·cm^-2 8h）的情况下，神经衰弱综合症的发生率为61．1％；神经衰弱综合症发生率随着累积辐照剂量积增呈递增趋势。logistic回归分析结果显示：接触电磁辐射、日辐照时间、军龄、文化程度和必要的防护措施等与神经衰弱综合症有统计学关联。结论该人群暴露于超标的电磁辐射环境中，神经衰弱综合征的发生率远高于正常人群，接触辐射、日暴露时间较长、军龄长、文化程度高是重要危险因素；而吃水果、使用防护措施是保护因素。

Objective To investigate the incidence of neurasthenic syndrome and its influential factors in military task population exposed to high level electromagnetic radiation （HER）. Methods A total of 1 103 soldiers from some radar signal and electron interference army were investigated. From the total population, 276 soldiers with neurasthenic syndrome were selected by cluster sampling as case group, and 273 normal solidiers as control group. Multi factor non-condition Logistic regression was used to analyxe the influential factors. Results The average electromagnetic power-density of military task at the spot area [（1.1 - 21.2） mW·cm^-2]were much higher than the national hygiene standard （50 μw·cm^-2 ,for 8 h）. The incidence rate of neurasthenic syndrome was 61.13%. It had rising trend with accumulative exposure dose. The analysis of multi-factor non - condition Logistic regression showed that the incidence rate was significandy correlaed with exposure history to electromagnetic radiation, daily exposure time, service time, education level and protective measures. Conclusion The incidence of neurasthenic syndrome of soldiers exposed to high electromagnetic power-density environment was much higher than that in the normal population. The exposure history, longer service time, longer daily exposure time, higher education level are the risk factors while taking fruits, and protective measures are the protective factors.