黄宗智中国小农“三幅面孔”统一体说的误区

Errors of Philip Huang's theory of the unity of "the three sides" of the small-scale peasants in China

中国农民包括小农、大农、雇农三大类。黄宗智的中国小农“三幅面孔”统一体说,事实上是个随意拼凑的“创见”。经营式农场主、雇农都不在小农范畴,“三幅面孔”只能和富农、自耕农、佃农相关。经营式农场主和雇农二者所构成的一种生产方式,根本就不能用来反映中国小农经济的内部结构以及受其影响小农经济所表现出来的某种状态。中国小农“三幅面孔”统一体说提出的目的,在很大程度上是为了把经营式农场主、富农、自耕农、佃农、雇农都被包含在小农范畴。由于和农业商品化联系最密切的是经营式农场主-雇农生产方式,所以考察农业商品化、世界经济、帝国主义等对中国小农经济的影响,就需要把经营式农场作为主要研究对象。

The Chinese peasants include small-static peasants, big-scale peasants and farm labourers. Philip Huang＇ s theory of the unity of ＂the three sides＂ of the small-scale peasants in China is in fact a casually-formed ＂creation＂. The managerial farmers and the farm labourers are not included within the scope of the small-scale peasants, so ＂the three sides＂ only relate to the rich peasants, the owner peasants and the tenant peasants. The mode of production formed by the managerial farmers and the farm labourers, fundamentally speaking, cannot reflect the inside structure of the small-scale peasant economy in China and the certain state of the small-scale economy influenced by it. To a great extent, the purpose of presenting the theory of the unity of ＂the three sides＂ of the small-scale peasants in China is to include the managerial farmers, the rich peasants, the owner peasants, the tenant peasants and the farm labourers within the scope of the small-scale peasants. Because the managerial farmer-farm labomer mode of production elates closest to the agricultural commercialization, we should treat the managerial farmers as the main object of study while observing the influence that the agricultural commercialization, the world economy, imperialism, etc. have on the small-scale peasant economy in China.