中国行政审批制度的结构与历史变迁——基于历史制度主义的分析范式

The Structural and Historical Change of the Examination and Approval System of China's Administration——On the Basis of Historical Institutional Paradigm

用历史制度主义的分析范式,检视中国行政审批制度的结构与历史变迁,是解读该项制度变迁全貌的一个新的视角。国家宏大制度背景决定行政审批制度的选择,国家制度背景的变迁也导致行政审批制度的不断变更与革新;各种相关政治变量,包括经济水平、利益关系以及意识形态等因素与行政审批制度之间存在一种序列结构,行政审批制度与其它政府政策或制度之间也存在类似的序列结构,这种政治变量序列结构使行政审批制度处于一个制度矩阵当中,影响并制约着行政审批制度的安排;制度与制度制定及执行者之行为的互动模式则推动行政审批制度的变迁。行政审批制度变迁具有路径依赖性,也存在“历史否决点”,而制度激励和制度创新是打破“历史否决点”,提升制度绩效的必要手段。为此,行政审批制度的进一步变迁需要重塑政府理念,打造治理型政府,并转变政府职能,推进行政体制改革。而且,行政审批制度的进一步变迁必须契合社会主义市场经济体制的客观需要,适应加入WTO新形势的迫切要求。

It is a new angle to analyze the changing process of Chinese administrative examination and approval system by inspecting the structural and historical change of China's institution, based on historical institutional paradigm. The national institutional situation determines and influences the government's choice on its administrative examination and approval system. There is a sequence structure between the administrative examination and approval system, the related political variables, including economical level, benefit relations as well as ideology, and other government policies or systems. Such a political-variable sequence structure makes the administrative examination and approval system to be in a system matrix, affecting and restricting the arrangement of administrative examination and approval system; the interactive pattern between the institution and the actions of main body who formulate and perform the systems push the institutional change. Moreover, the institutional change of examination and approval system has its own path dependence and historical veto points. In order to remove the veto points and improve institutional performance, the government should take steps such as institutional change and institutional innovation. Therefore, the further vicissitude of administrative examination and approval system needs to remold government's idea, construct governance government, transform government's functions and advance administration reforms, according to the objective needs of socialist market economy system and new situation after China's entering into WTO.