社会主义新农村建设中的政府能力——公共产品的视角

Governmental Ability in Constructing Socialist New Villages——From the Viewpoint of Public Goods

社会主义新农村建设是我国现代化的一个关键环节。从一定意义上说,社会主义新农村的建设过程就是农村公共产品供给效率的改善及供给结构的优化过程。从公共产品的视角出发,有利于深入探讨社会主义新农村建设中政府能力的本质、问题与成因,政府与乡村自组织的关系等重要方面。我们认为,政府是农村公共产品的主要责任者,政府供给农村公共产品的程度与质量是政府能力的重要表现;农民的自组织化是提高农村公共产品供给效率及促进基层民主发展的内在要求;厘清政府与乡村自组织的关系是社会主义新农村建设的应有之义。推进社会主义新农村建设,要求政府既能够承担农村公共产品的供给责任,又能够在公共产品供给中处理好与乡村自组织的关系,为此,应当划分好政府在农村公共产品供给中的责任;改革乡村治理结构,提升基层政府的能力;培育农村自治组织,提高农村公共产品的供给效率;处理好政府与农村自组织的关系,促进农村基层民主的发展。

The construction of socialist new villages is a key step in the process of Chinese socialist modernization. To some extent, the process of constructing socialist new villages is to improve the supply efficiency and to perfect the supply structure of rural public goods. Starting with the viewpoint of public goods helps to probe deeply into such important aspects as the nature, problems and causes of governmental ability as well as the relationship between the government and rural self-governing organizations in the construction of socialist new villages. In our opinion, it is government that is mainly responsible for supplying rural public goods while the supply degree and supply quality of rural public goods embodies governmental abilities. Besides, the self-organization of peasants is internally required so as to improve the supply efficiency of rural public goods and to promote the development of grass-roots democracy. What's more, to clear the relationship between the government and rural self-governing organizations is necessary for constructing socialist new villages. In order to promote the construction of socialist new villages, the government should own the ability which enables it not only to assume the responsibility for the supply of public goods in rural areas, but also to handle its relationship with rural self-governing organizations. Therefore, we should distribute the government's responsibility for the supply of public goods in rural areas; reform the structure of rural governance and improve the ability of government at the grass-roots level; foster autonomous rural organizations and enhance the efficiency of the supply of public goods in rural areas; handle the relationship between government and rural self-organizing organizations so as to promote the development of grass-roots democracy in rural areas.