新史学思潮的文化史研究理论与梁启超的文化史研究

The Theory of Cultural History Research in the Trend of History Ideology and Liang Qi-chao’s Study on the Cultural History

由美国史学家鲁滨逊和德国学者李凯尔特所倡导的新史学思潮认为:文化史研究不同于传统史学主要在于扩大了史学研究的范围,把人类所有的问题尤其是“进步”作为研究的对象,其任务就是揭示历史的规则和价值,从个别中说明现实;史学不同于自然科学主要在于其历史性和个别性;史学科学化的道路就是文化史研究。“五四”期间,梁启超接受了新史学思潮,既在《中国历史研究法》及《补编》中构建了中国的新史学理论体系,又在《五千年史势鸟瞰》和《中国文化史——社会组织篇》中完成了部分中国文化史的研究实践。

The new history ideological trend, which was initiated by American historian Robinson and German scholar Heinich Rickert, argues that the difference between the study of cultural history and the traditional history study lies in the aspect that the former expands the scope of the history study and takes all human questions into consideration. Therefore, the objectives of the cultural history study are the followings： the first, revealing the rule and value of the history by meanns of abstracting the reality from the individuals; the second, telling the differences of history study from the natural sciences in the aspects of historicity and individuality; the third, the scientization of the history study is actually the study of culture study. During the May 4th Movement, having accepted the new history ideological trend, Liang Qi-chao not only constructed the new theory system of history study in China in Chinese History Methodology and Amendment to It, but also made the partial study of Chinese cultural history in Bird＇s-eye View of the 5,000-year History Study of China and Chinese Cultural History： Its Social Organization.