摩托车筒式减震器液压阻尼特性的模拟与仿真

Simulation of hydraulic damping characteristic for motorcycle′s cylindrical shock absorber

在对摩托车筒式液压阻尼减震器进行结构和运动分析的基础上,分别建立了减震器在复原和压缩工况下液压阻尼特性的数学模型,在MATLAB环境下对模型进行了模拟仿真,并与实测的125型摩托车筒式减震器的示功图进行了比较分析,结果表明模拟计算与实测结果具有较好的一致性.文中还讨论了阻尼孔直径和油液温度的变化对液压阻尼力的影响规律.当阻尼孔直径较小时,阻尼孔直径的微小变化将显著影响阻尼力的大小;随着阻尼孔直径的增大,阻尼力随孔径的变化趋于缓和.温度对阻尼力的影响程度主要由减震液的粘温特性决定,随着温度的升高,减震液粘度降低,液压阻尼力减小.在实际过程中可以通过选用较高粘度指数的减震液和开设合适的阻尼孔,达到要求的减震效果.

Based on the analysis on the structure and movement of motorcycle＇s cylindrical damping shock absorber, the numerical model of the hydraulic damping characteristic is established under the condition of recovery and compression for shock absorber. The simulation is by MATLAB and compared with the practical testing indicator diagram of cylindrical shock absorber of Type 125 motorcycle. The consistency between simulation result and the practical test verifies the correctness and creditability of the numerical model. When the diameter of hole is a bit small, the small change of the diameter will affect the damping force remarkably; with the increase of diameter, this change attends to relaxation. With the increase of temperature, the viscosity of shock absorber liquid drops and damping force decreases. Choosing a liquid with higher viscosity indicator and opening suitable damping hole will achieve the requested shock-absorbing effect.