基于分子系统学的可疑瑟姬小蜂分类修订及姬小蜂亚科盾纵沟的演化分析(英文)

A revised taxonomy of Cirrospilus ambiguus based on molecular systematics with notes on notauli evolution in Eulophinae

姬小蜂为寄生蜂的演化研究提供了很好的材料。在姬小蜂分类中,盾纵沟是一个重要性状,曾被用来区分亚科、族、属及种。非同源性相似形态特征的存在使得物种准确鉴定存在困难。从盾纵沟形状上,可疑瑟姬小蜂Cirrospilus ambiguus和双斑潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus bimaculatus应介于瑟姬小蜂属Cirrospilus和潜蝇姬小蜂属Diglyphus之间。确定这两种姬小蜂的系统发育位置将有助于分析盾纵沟的演化模式。本文用贝叶斯方法分析了线粒体COⅠ部分序列、核糖体ITS1序列及核糖体28S D2区部分序列等3个基因序列,结果显示可疑瑟姬小蜂应被移到潜蝇姬小蜂属中;研究结果支持潜蝇姬小蜂属是单系,而不支持瑟姬小蜂属是单系。结合28S D2区部分序列的贝叶斯分析结果,分析了在姬小蜂亚科中盾纵沟的演化模式。结果显示,完整且延伸到中胸背板后缘的盾纵沟代表其原始类型;完整且延伸到三角片的盾纵沟类型分别出现在5个独立的枝上,代表了该特征5次独立的演化;不完整的盾纵沟类型出现在4个独立的枝上,表明该类型独立演化了4次。

Eulophids provide a valuable experimental model system to investigate a wide variety of questions in the evolution of parasitic wasps. Notauli, an important taxonomic character in the family Eulophidae, is used to differentiate subfamilies, tribes, genera and species. However, abundant morphological homoplasy in this family has made it difficult to confidently identify many eulophid taxa at specific level. Both Cirrospilus ambiguus and Diglyphus bimaculatus are considered to have notauli patterns that are intermediate between their respective genera. Determining the phylogenetic position of both species may facilitate studying the evolution of notauli patterns. We analyzed CO Ⅰ , ITS1 and 28S sequences using Bayesian method. C. ambiguus was transferred into the monophyletic Diglyphus, and the monophyly of Cirrospilus, however, was not supported. The types of notauli were examined in the context of the phylogeny based on 28S gene sequences. The complete notauli in the Eulophidae extending to the hind margin of the mesoscutum was inferred to represent the ancestral form. The complete notauli that curves to meet the apex of the axillae occurs independently in five clades. Each occurrence represents a unique independent evolution. The incomplete form of notauli occurred in four clades, indicating that the shape independently evolved four times.