美国印支华人社团的类型与功能——以全美重要的印支华人社团为例

The Fashion and Function of Amarican Indochina Organization

1975年起到1980年代初，印度支那三国先后发生了震惊世界的排华浪潮。在这七八年间，世世代代侨居当地的华侨华人被迫向世界各地四散飘流，不少船民葬身大海。联合国以及世界上许多国家的政府和组织纷纷发起救助，幸存者由是在许多国家定居下来，形成了今天印支侨民遍布许多国家的局面。美国则是印支侨民最大的居住地。他们既有排华一开始就来的，也有一部分是先到别的国家，后来才通过各种渠道来的。不管哪种情况，他们都已在美国这个号称“移民天堂”的国度定居下来，谋求生存和发展，至今已近30年。从他们祖祖辈辈移民的历史长河来看，现在他们所居住的国家，便成了他们的第二侨居国。

The Indochina＇s Chinese society in the United States has become the third part,eompared with the other both parts ,i.e. the local traditional Chinese society and the new overseas Chinese society, simultaneously ,it remains relatively independent from the both parts, when it spreads and inherits traditional Chinese culture, and makes effort to absurd the culture of their resident places. Through an analysis of various categories of Chinese organizations, such as American Chinese organizations, local Chinese organizations, local ancestral organizations, special organizations and aged people organizations, this article holds that although all of them have their own different service objects, time of establishment and modes of function transition, they changed their main work to helping the development of the local compatriots ,and therefore their working scope has been getting magnified and synthesized,after they fulfilled their primary mission of ＂relieving the distressed people＂. After transition, they function in a cultural, peaceful and happy way. At the same time, they keep forward-looking at the future, so,they attain a great importance to the spreading and inheritance of the Chinese culture, education and young people,and gradually emerge into the main stream society. Some organizations have their own entities, such as schools and cultural institutions. This is also a hope and vitality for the Indochinese organizations.