国人肾血管应用解剖学研究及其临床意义

The clinical meanings of applied anatomy of renal vessel in Chinese body

目的为临床肾移植和肾血管腔内微创手术等提供肾血管解剖学依据。方法解剖国人成人尸体30具,其中男性17具,女性13具。对每具尸体的肾动脉和肾静脉的长度、管径、分支部位、肾动脉发出点距髂动脉分叉点的距离,以及副肾动脉存在与否、肾静脉汇入腔静脉角度等进行测量和分析。结果男性:肾动脉平均长度:左侧(2.86±1.11)cm,右侧(4.61±1.72)cm;平均管径左侧(0.62±0.19)cm,右侧(0.69±0.23)cm;副肾动脉出现率为29.4%(5/17),副肾动脉3支发自肾动脉主干,2支发自于主动脉,入肾部位皆位于肾上极。肾静脉平均长度左侧(5.11±1.75)cm,右侧(2.16±0.76)cm;平均管径左侧(1.64±0.58)cm,右侧(1.41±0.50)cm。汇入腔静脉角度左侧为76.2°±28.7°,右侧73.3°±30.1°。女性:肾动脉平均长度:左侧(1.97±1.02)cm,右侧(3.34±1.71)cm;平均管径左侧(0.45±0.22)cm,右侧(0.47±0.19)cm;肾副动脉出现率为23.1%(3/13),2支发自肾动脉,1支发自于主动脉,入肾部位皆位于肾上极;肾动脉过早分叉现象出现率为46.2%(6/13)。肾静脉平均长度左侧(3.53±1.56)cm,右侧(1.43±0.59)cm;平均管径左侧(1.12±0.63)cm,右侧(0.98±0.45)cm。汇入腔静脉角度左侧为53.2°±29.1°,右侧50.3°±27.3°。结论本研究提供国人成人肾血管的应用解剖学数据,对临床肾移植和肾血管腔内微创手术等具有参考价值和指导意义。

Purpose To study the variance of renal vessel in Chinese mature body. Methods Seventeen male and thirteen female Chinese mature cadavers were anatomized in our research. The length, diameter and embranchment of each renal artery and vein were measured. The existence of accessory renal artery and the angle between renal vein and inferior vena cava were analyzed. Results Average length of renal artery was （2.86 ±1.11） cm in left and （4.61 ± 1.72） cm in right of male, （1.97 ± 1.02） cm in left and （3.34 ± 1.71） cm in right of female. The average diameter was （0.62 ± 0.19） cm in left and （0.69 ± 0.23） cm in right of male, （0.45 ± 0.22） cm in left and （0.47 ± 0.19） cm in right of female. The appearance of accessory renal artery is 29.4% （5/17） in male and 23.1 % （3/13） in female. The average length of renal vein was （5.11 ± 1.75） cm in left and （2.16 ± 0.76） cm in right of male, （3.53± 1.56） cm in left and （1.43± 0.59） cm in right of female. The average diameter was （1.64 ± 0.58） cm in left and （1.41 ± 0.50） cm in right of male, （1.12 ±0.63） cm in left and （0.98 ± 0.45） cm in right of female. Conclusions Data of this study based on applied anatomy are useful in renal transplantation and intra-renal vessel operation.