儿童青少年体质指数与心肺功能关系

Body mass index and cardiorespiratory function among children and adolescents

目的分析安徽省城乡男女儿童青少年体质指数（BMI）与年龄变化特征，探讨儿童青少年心肺功能指标与BMI的相关性。方法以安徽省参加2005年全国学生体质与健康调研的9000名学生为研究对象，通过两样本t检验分析各年龄组间BMI的性别差异和城乡差异；比较肺活量、肺活量指数、舒张压、收缩压和脉搏Z分在各个BMI—Z分组间的分布特征。分析心肺功能指标Z分与BMI—Z分的相关性。结果6～22岁城乡男女BMI随年龄增加呈现一致平稳增长趋势，BMI的性别差异较城乡差异明显；肺活量、舒张压和收缩压Z分与BMI—Z分均呈较强的正相关（P=0．000），肺活量指数Z分与BMI—Z分呈负相关（P=0．000）。脉搏的Z分与BMI—Z分的相关性较弱（r=0．006，P=0．552）。结论不同性别儿童青少年BMI在青春期有交叉现象，高年龄青少年BMI城乡差异小；随BMI增加，儿童青少年肺活量指数下降，收缩压和舒张压上升，需要及早监测较高BMI儿童青少年的心肺功能。

Objective To describe the distribution of body mass index （BMI）by ages, genders and areas of children and adolescents in Anhui province, and to determinate the relationships between BMI and vital capacity, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and pulse. Methods A total of 9 000 participants were recruited in Anhui province in the National Survey on Student Constitution and Health in 2005. To describe the distribution of BMI by age, gender and areas of Children and adolescents. The distribution of Z scores of vital capacity, vital capacity index, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and pulse by Z score of BMI were described. The correlations of Z scores of BMI, vital capacity, vital capacity index, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and pulse were analysed. Results BMI was rising with the age by genders and areas at a consistent tendency among children and adolescent aged 6 to 22, and the genders＇ variance of BMI was significant compared with the variance between urban and rural students. Positive correlations were found between Z score of vital capacity, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and Z score of BMI （P = 0. 000）. It appeared a negative correlation between Z score of vital capacity index and X score of BMI（ P = 0. 000 ）. There was no linear association between pulse Z score and BMI Z score （r = 0. 006, P = 0. 552）. Conclusion BMI curves of boy＇s and girl＇s present a cross feature at puberty. There is a little urban - rural variance of BMI among elder adolescent. With the BMI increase, vital capacity index descends and blood pressure increases in children and adolescents. It is necessary to supervise early cardiorespiratory function of children and adolescents with higher BMI.