政治选择与宋代文官士大夫的政治角色——以宋朝治国方略及处理文武关系方面探究为中心

Political Selection and Political Role of the Civil Officials and the Literati in the Song Dynasty——Centering on the General Plans of Running the Country and the Relationship between the Civil and Military Officials

宋初逐渐确定的治国方略以及处理文武关系的政策,使文臣群体的政治地位不断提高。在宋太宗朝后期内政外交路线的引导之下,以科举出身为主体的文官在政坛扮演了重要的角色。至宋真宗时代,宋朝终于完成其政治上的选择,文官队伍遂成为统治的政治中坚角色,继承了士大夫的衣钵。这种政治格局长期延续,从而使宋代的文官士大夫具有强烈的政治责任感和影响力。

The Song Dynasty determined the general plans of running the country and the policies of handling the relationship between the civil and military officials step by step. It made the political status of the civil officials rise unceasingly. Guided by the routes of the domestic and foreign affairs in the Song Taizong＇s later period, the civil officials who walked into the official career by Ke Ju played the important roles in the political circles. The Song Dynasty accomplished its political selection finally in the Song Zhenzong＇s period. Therefore the civil officials became the nucleus roles in politics, and inherited the essence of the literati. This kind of political pattern had been continued to use in a long period of time. It made the civil officials and the literati have the strong sense of political responsibility and influence in the Song Dynasty.