强大的错误记忆效应:词表呈现时间与呈现方式的影响

Strong False Memory Effect: the Impact of Presentation Duration and Presentation Mode

本研究采用DRM范式(Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm),考察了词表项目的呈现时间与呈现方式对错误记忆效应的影响。结果发现,被试对关键诱饵的错误再认受到学习阶段词表项目的呈现方式的影响,表现为所有项目随机呈现条件下的错误再认明显低于分组呈现条件,尤其是在20ms的随机呈现条件下,观察到了对关键诱饵的最低错误再认率。说明在对词表项目的编码阶段产生了对关键诱饵的连续激活,而对关键诱饵的错误记忆则是基于连续激活的不断累积的结果,当词表项目的随机呈现阻断了连续激活过程时,便会有效降低错误记忆效应。而且,在所有实验条件下均发现了错误记忆效应产生中所伴随的强烈主观体验,证实了错误记忆是一种强大的效应。

Using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott （DRM） paradigm, the effects of presentation duration and presenmation mode on the false memory effect were examined. The results showed that false recognition of critical lures was affected by the fact that study lists were presented in block or randomly. The level of false recognition was lower when all ~he list items were presented randomly than when they were in blocked presentation. Especially, the false recognition of critical lures was lowest under the condition of brief and random presentation. The results demonstrate that successive activation of critical lures occurs in the encoding phase of list iterns, and the accumulation of successive activation results in the false memory effect. When successive activation is blocked by the random presentation of list items, the false memory effect will be successfully reduced. Furthermore, strong subjective experience was observed under all the conditions in the current study, which demonstrates that false memory iS a strong effect and hard to eliminate.