小学儿童汉字阅读特点初探

A Developmental Research on Chinese Character Reading

该研究运用命名任务、通过两个实验探查了小学儿童汉字阅读的发展特点。实验一发现,小学7岁、8岁、9岁儿童在汉字阅读中受不同汉字结构类型的影响。在笔画数没有显著差异的情况下,独体字的阅读比合体字快,而合体字中上下结构和左右结构类型之间没有差异,而且独体字语音提取的优势从7岁儿童开始就具有了,这种优势稳定地发展下去。实验二在实验一的基础上进一步考察了7岁、9岁、11岁儿童汉字形声字阅读中声旁对整字发音的影响,结果发现,声旁与整字发音一致的形声字阅读快于声旁与整字发音不一致的形声字的阅读,这种汉字阅读中的规则效应从7岁儿童就出现了,而且,稳定地发展下去。

Structures of Chinese characters in children＇ s reading were investigated in two naming experiments. In Experiment 1 with participants aged 7, 8, 9 years old, the influence of Chinese character structures on reading were found, The speed of reading single characters was faster than that of reading compound characters including left - right and up - down structures, and there was no difference between reading two kinds of compounds. This dominance of single word reading began at the age of seven, and developed steadily with age. In Experiment 2 with psrtieipants aged 7, 9, 11 years old, a regular effect was found in the Chinese character reading of children from 7 years old on, and also existed among the other two age groups.