哲学须得向科学学习——再议哲学与科学的关系

Philosophy Should Learn from Science——Again on the relationship between philosophy and science

从西方哲学特别是近代欧陆哲学的历史发展来看,哲学与自然科学在思维方式上有着密切的关系。当然,理性的概念和范畴的意义在哲学与科学中又是不同的。当代,相对论和量子论等新兴科学对传统哲学的物质、宇宙等观念的变革产生了重要影响,使存在、混沌这类概念的哲学意义进一步彰显了出来。现代科学对哲学的推进,说明了哲学应当向科学学习。哲学不能把科学新成果纳入自己固有的框框,成为自己的佐证,不能以自己的教条抑制科学的探索,也不能闭目塞听,故步自封;哲学须以科学的成果来启发自己的思考。

The main point in this article is to explain the close connection between philosophy and natural sciences in the ways of their thinking, especially in the range of modem historical time of western continental philosophical development. Some developments of new science, such as relative theory and quantum theory, have an important influence on the reform of ideas of matter and cosmos in western traditional philosophy so that the meanings of Being and Chaos are clearly explicated. Improvement of philosophy due to modem science shows that philosophy should learn from science. Philosophy should not put its inherent constraints on new scientific achievements to become its evidence, nor restrict scientific discovery with its doctrines or stagnate. Philosophy should broaden its thinking by virtue of scientific achievements.