肼类分解催化剂研究进展

Progress in Research on Hydrazine Decomposition Catalysts

肼分解催化剂主要应用于航天飞行器的单组元姿态控制发动机上,用以改变其飞行轨道或调整飞行姿态。介绍了姿控发动机及其工作原理和用途。在国内研究肼分解催化剂的进展方面,简介了我国研究肼分解催化剂的历程、取得的成果和近期的研究动态;国外方面,介绍了贵金属和非贵金属两类典型的肼类分解催化剂;还总结和分析了担载铱催化剂的催化机理及其失活原因,指出了当今催化剂存在的问题及实际发展的需求方向。

Hydrazine decomposition catalyst is mainly applied in monopropellant attitude control engine（ACE） of aerospace aircraft, and it can make the liquid hydrazine resolve into heavy heat, high pressure of gasses which spray from jet mouth of attitude control engine,so the flight orbit of aerospace aircraft is changed or the flight attitude is adjusted. At first, the working principle and use of ACE are introduce＆ Afterwards, from domestic aspect,the course, achievement and research trends of hydrazine decomposition catalysts are briefly introducted. From abroad aspect, precious metal and non-precious metal are introduced for the two typical catalysts. Catalytical mechanism and deactived reasons for the catalyst which carries iridium are tallied up and analyzed, and the existent problem and reality demand are indicated.