杨凌城市生活垃圾重金属污染现状评价

Pollution assessment of heavy metals in municipal solid waste of Yangling city

通过现场调研取样和理化分析，对杨凌城区生活垃圾中重金属含量进行了为期1年的动态监测。结果表明，在12个月（2004—03～2005—02）内，5个功能区中Cr和Pb均没有超过土壤环境质量二级标准。As，Cu，Zn偶尔超标；从不同的功能区污染情况综合来看，重金属污染程度依次为燃气居民区〉事业区和工厂区〉燃煤居民区和商店等服务区〉文教区〉娱乐广场；在5个不同功能区中，将生活垃圾可腐有机物中重金属与城镇垃圾农用控制标准对比，Cr，As和Pb这3种元素均未超标，符合标准，可以考虑对这5个功能区可腐有机物进行堆肥化处理。文章还利用单项污染指数及综合污染指数对杨凌城市生活垃圾中的重金属进行了评价，确定了其主要污染元素，文教区为As和Cu，其余区为Cu和Zn，并在大量调研的基础上提出杨凌城区垃圾重金属污染的防治对策。

The contents of the heavy metals in municipal solid waste （MSW） of Yangling city were determined successively for one year （2004-03-2005-02）,with the method of sampling on the spot and the method of physical and chemical analysis. The results showed that the contents of Cr and As,Pb did not exceed the quality standard value of soil environment （ Ⅱ）,As,Cu and Zn exceeded standard value occasionally in this 12 months ;also the degree of the heavy metals pollution in the five function areas was given as follows.Gas consumption area 〉 administrative areas and factory areas 〉 coal consumption area and service area 〉 Cultural and educational area 〉 Entertainment area. Finally,compared with the Agriculture Control Standard of Town Refuse,the contents of Cr and Pb in the composted organic matter of MSW did not exceed the standard values and the contents of As exceeded the standard values occasionally. So the composted organic matter of MSW in the five function areas was suitable for composting disposal to produce organic compound fertilizer basically if they were treated well. And the heavy metals pollution was assessed by using the single-item pollution index and comprehensive pollution index. Then the main pollution elements and main pollutants were discussed. By investigation and research, the prevention countermeasures were proposed. Meanwhile,the effective basis would be offered to reduce and recycle innoxiously the MSW.