门诊糖尿病患者饮食控制现状的调查研究

Investigation of diet management status of outpatients with diabetes mellitus

目的了解门诊糖尿病患者饮食控制现状。方法方便取样调查60例门诊糖尿病患者3d的饮食热量控制、膳食结构和饮食行为。结果40例患者填写的问卷有效,日均饮食总热量理想9例(22.5%),不足16例(40.0%),过多15例(37.5%)。总热量与年龄、病程、睡前加餐热比呈正相关。超重者总热量控制不如体重正常和肥胖者(P<0.05)。碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质占总热量的比例分别为47.0%±9.0%、35.3%±8.5%、17.6%±3.4%。碳水化合物比例与在外就餐频率有关,脂肪比例与每天食用油量呈正相关,与每天蔬菜食用量呈负相关。结论门诊糖尿病患者饮食总热量不足和过多同时存在,三大营养素比例不合理问题突出。肥胖者饮食控制较好,超重者的饮食控制问题较为突出。

Objective To investigate the status of diet management of outpatients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Sixty patients was adopted with convenient sampling. The calories and the characteristics of diets in 3 days were analyzed. Results In 40 cases having completed the questionnaire effectively,9 cases （22.5 %） took daily calorie properly. Those with daily calorie deficiency were 16 cases（40.0 % ） while those taking more calorie were 15 cases（37.5%）. Daily calorie intake was positively related to age, length of diagnosis, and calories of bedtime snack. Daily calorie control of overweight were worse than those with normal weight and obese（P〈0.05）. Percents of carbohydrate, fat and protein were 47.0 %± 9.0%, 35.3 % ± 8. 5 %, and 17.6% ±3.4% respectively. Percents of carbohydrate were related to frequency of eating out. Percents of fat were positively related to frequency of eating out and daily oil intake, and negatively related to daily intake of vegetable. Conclusion Problems of less and more than ideal range of calorie intake were both existed problem. Irrational ratio of carbohydrate, fat and protein was prominent. Diet control of obese was better than overweight.