机车车辆动力学研究及发展

The Dynamics Study of Railway Vehicle and Its Development

机车车辆动力学在最近10年得到迅速发展,考虑车辆—轨道耦合作用的耦合模型得到广泛应用。随着大跨距跨江铁路桥的建设,车和桥的耦合振动会引起接触网的振动,进而影响弓网的耦合振动。因此十分有必要开展接触网—受电弓—机车车辆—线路—桥梁耦合大系统动力学的研究。进行机车车辆动力学性能优化,必须首先确定机车车辆动力学三要素的优先关系,即运行的稳定性—安全性—平稳性,建立以列车为研究对象的模型,同时在模型中考虑机车车辆结构弹性和频变特征悬挂参数以及气流扰动的影响,进而进行灵敏度分析和参数优化。给出考虑频变特性的钢弹簧等效计算方法以及基于循环变量的列车系统动力学建模和计算方法,并验证了计算方法的有效性。

The dynamics of railway vehicle has been developed rapidly in recent decade. The coupling model, which takes vehicle-track coupling interaction into consideration, has been used widely. Along with the construction of large-span, riverrcrossing bridges, vehicle-bridge coupling vibration will make catenary vibrate, which can further affect pantograph-catenary coupling vibration. For this reason, it is of vital importance to carry out research on catenary-pantagraph-vehicle-track-bridge coupling system. The priority relation of the three important factors for railway vehicle dynamics must first be fixed in order to optimize vehicle dynamics performance, namely, stability-safety-ride quality. Vehicle research model is built, in which influence by the elasticity of vehicle structure, frequency-dependent characteristics suspension parameter and airflow disturbance are taken into consideration to further carry through sensitivity analysis and parameter optimization. Equivalent calculation method for steel spring considering frequency-dependent characteristics and the modeling and calculation method for vehicle dynamics system based on cycle variables are proposed. The calculation method has been validated to be effective.