沈从文之于“乡土”——兼谈乡土文学在当下的发展

Shen Conrwen's Local——Also on the Present Development of Local Literature

沈从文的乡土文学是五四新文化运动所激发的人道主义、平民主义思潮的有机组成部分,为“乡土”民族性与现代性的思考提供了现代启示;他的乡土文本使民间习俗文化与风物传统以及多样的民间生活成为了乡土文学的重要“养料”与“维生素”,完成了乡土中“自然人性”的美学构想,并为历史与文化、乡情与理性、城市与乡村的双重审视的文化母题,提供了难能可贵的解答思路。当下乡土文学应该注意当代农村问题、乡村题材的创作与研究,城乡整合中农民的关注与关怀,中国特色的“新现代性”建构以及土地大地的生态追根等问题。

Shen Congwen＇ s local literature is a constituent of humanitarianism and of the ideological trend of common people aroused by the May 4th movement, which makes folk custom, tradition and various country life the important sources for his creation. Shen Congwen finishes the aesthetic construction of ＂natural humanities＂ in his local literature, and provides valuable clues for the questions between history and culture, country sensation and ration, and urban and rural. The present local literature should focus on the exploration of country problems, show concern to the peasants in the course of urbanization, construct a ＂new modernity＂ with Chinese characteristics, and seek the ecological root of the land.