乡民社会中的风险最小化与利益最大化——侗族社会传统生计方式与生存保障的文化解析

The Minimum Risk and Maximum Benefit in a Village Society——A Cultural Analysis on the Traditional Way of Life and the Existence Insurance in the Society of the Dong People

生存保障是社会保障最基本要求,由于民族历史文化的差异,对如何理解社会成员的基本生活状况、保障手段等一系列概念上,形成了许多不同的看法。本文通过对侗族社会的田野考察,对侗族社会的生存保障系统进行了分析,不论的资源培植、资源利用、生产与分配、社区管理等方面运行都是在特定文化下实现了侗族社会的生存保障,提出了社会生存保障不仅是一个经济的概念,更是一个文化的概念。

Existence insurance is the fundamental insurance of the basic life situation of the social members and its insurance society. However, there exist lots of different opinions on measures due to national historical cultures. By fieldwork in the society of the Dong people, this paper analyzes their existence insurance system. Under specific cultural conditions, the Dong people have realized their existence insurance in the aspects of resource cultivation and utilization, production and distribution, and society management. It is proposed that society existence insurance is not only an economic concept, but also a cultural concept.