“人性的小庙”与现代性——对沈从文“浪漫传奇小说”的解构批评

"A Small Temple of Humanity" and Modernity——Interpretation and Criticism on Shen Congwen's "Romantic Tales"

沈从文在1930年前后创作的一批“浪漫传奇小说”,在沈从文文化观念的形成过程中非常重要,它们强烈、浪漫地表达了沈从文“理想的人生形式”,可以说是沈从文文化观念的内核。创作这批“浪漫传奇小说”,是沈从文寻找湘西苗族文化“传统”、建设湘苗文化主体性的一种努力。沈从文通过对汉语中心霸权的颠覆和改写,获得了苗族文化的自我认同和肯定,“发现”、重塑了湘西苗族的“人性”,以此建立起他的“人性的小庙”,并且,沈从文试图从湘西苗族文化的特殊性中发展出普遍性,用以对抗汉族和西方的文化普遍主义(现代性),以“人性的小庙”作为边缘文化反抗“现代性”的抵抗性话语。

The ＂Romantic Tales＂ created by Shen Congwen around 1930 plays an important role in the formation of his cultural concept, for they strongly and romantically express his ＂ideal life style＂ and are the core of his creation ideology. The creation of these ＂Romantic Tales＂ is an effort for Shen Congwcn to seek the tradition of the Miao culture in Xiangxi and to construct the Miao culture in Hunan. By fighting against the dominant Han culture, Shen gains a self - recognition and affirmation, discovers and reconstructs the humanity of the Miao people in Xiangxi, and establishes his ＂small temple of humanity＂. Further more, he tries to develop the particularity out of the Miao culture into universality to resist the popularity of the Han and Western cultures, using ＂small temple of humanity＂ as a frontier culture to resist ＂modernity＂.