西北地区煤炭资源及开发潜力

Coal Resources and Development Potential in Northwest China

西北地区蕴藏着十分丰富的煤炭资源,占我国煤炭资源预测总量的76.46%。含煤盆地主要有鄂尔多斯、准噶尔、吐哈、塔北等。其中,鄂尔多斯煤盆地是具有稳定克拉通基底,沉积了石炭一二叠纪华北型海陆交互相含煤地层和三叠一侏罗纪内陆河流一湖泊型陆相含煤地层的双纪巨型含煤盆地;准噶尔煤盆地、吐哈煤盆地、塔北煤盆地是具有稳定陆块基底的侏罗纪内陆湖泊含煤盆地;伊犁煤盆地、尤尔都斯煤盆地、焉誉煤盆地和库米什煤盆地是具有天山华力西期摺皱带基底的山间断陷(坳陷)型含煤盆地;走廊煤盆地群是具有祁连加里东褶皱带基底的山间断陷(坳陷)型含煤盆地.阿拉善地块、柴达木地块晚古生代和中生代亦具备成煤的古地理条件,目前已在柴达木地块北缘和阿拉善地块南缘发现了小型煤盆地群。地块主体为沙漠覆盖,勘探程度低,可作为西北地区煤炭资源的后备潜力区块。 据国家煤炭工业局1998年统计,西北地区煤炭资源保有储量为4035.35X10^8t,其中生产井和在建井保有储量为752.24X10^8t。尚未利用的精查储量为187.69X10^8 t,可供进一步勘探的详查储量为510. 51 X 108 t >普查和找煤储量为2550.91X108t,煤炭资源储量丰富。我国2002年煤炭消费达到13.69XlO^8t. 2003年17.36X10^8t, 2004年达19X10^8t,而西北地区煤产量在全国所占比例甚小,根据中国煤炭工业协会对2004年1月统计,全国煤矿合计原煤产量为11170.75X10^4t,其中西北地区为1585.17X10^4t(内蒙古按全区产量的2/3计算),只占14.19%,西北地区煤炭资源开发潜力巨大。

Nowthwest China has rich coal resources, which are accounted for 76.46 percent of the total forecast coal reserves in the nation. The major coal basins are the Ordos, the Junggar, the Tyrpan-Hami and the northern Tarim basins. Of the basins, the Ordos basin has a stable eratonie basement on which the Carboniferous-Permian north China type marine-continental facies and also Triassic-Jurassic intraeontinent-laeustrine eaol-bearing strata were deposited. The Junggar, Tyrpan-Hami and Northern Tarim basins belong to the Jurassic intraeontinental lacustrine coal basins with the stable continental basement. The Ili, Youledusi, Yanqi and Kumishi basins are intermountane fault basins on the basement of the Hereynian fold zone. The basement of the Hexizoulang basin groups is the Caledonian fold zone. Alsly and Qaidam massifs covered by desert have palaeogeographie conditions for coal accumulation during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. In fact, some small coal basin groups have been found on the southern margin of the two massifs. According to the survey of National Bureau of Coal Industry in 1998, the retainable reserves of coal resources in northwest China was about 4 035.35×10^8t, of which, 752.24 ×10^8 t retainable reserves are in production or would be production, proven reserves of 187.69 ×10^8t, probable reserves of 510.51 × 10^8t for further exploration, inferred reserves of 2 550. 91 × 10^8t. Coal consumption reached 13.69×10^8t in 2002, 17.36×10^8t in 2003, 19× 10^8t in 2004 in the country. But, the coal output in Northwest accounts for a small portion of the national output. According to the data of National Association of Coal Industry in Jan. 2004, the national total coal output was 11 170. 75 × 10^4 t, while Northwest area was only 1 585.17× 10^4 t, making up only 14.19 percent. On all accounts, development potential of coal resources is huge in Northwest China. As national economy remains strong growth, it is more important to promote basic research and exploration work on coal resources in order to accelerate coal exploitation.