论公民基本权利效力的结构特点——兼辨宪法私法化与宪法司法化

A Study on the Structural Characteristics of Validity of a Citizen's Basic Rights and Privatization and Judicialization of the Constitution

公民基本权利的效力主要由公法效力(直接效力)及私法效力(间接效力)两个层面所构成,而这两个不同层面的效力分别为宪法司法化和宪法私法化提供了正当性基础。公民基本权利效力结构二元性是指公民基本权利同时具有公法效力和私法效力。其基本秩序是以公法效力为主、私法效力为辅。中国宪政的选择应以近代立宪课题为重心,以宪法司法化而不是宪法私法化为宪政实践的真正方向。

The validity of a citizen＇s basic rights consists of two aspects： validity of public law and validity of private law, which lay the justifiable foundation for privatization and judicialization of the constitution. The duality of the validity of a citizen＇s basic rights refers to the public nature as well as private nature that a citizen＇s basic rights hold, where the former is prior to the latter. Based on research on modern constitution, the article holds that modern constitution in China should focus on privatization of constitution instead of judicialization of constitution.