反讽者鲁迅

Ironist Lu Xun

反讽不仅是一种修辞手法,同时也是一种认知方式和人生态度。作为人生态度的反讽必须具备两个基本特征其一、高度的主体自觉性和主体意识;其二、无限的绝对的否定性。鲁迅的创作过程是审慎的过程,创作主体意识时刻在场,因而其作品呈现出高度的创作者的主体性;鲁迅身处的现实在他眼中已经完全丧失了有效性、实体性,现实对他而言已成为一个荒谬怪诞的世界,鲁迅以他所身处的现实来反抗这个现实本身,因而他对现实的否定是彻底而绝对的,这正是反讽的人生态度;鲁迅在作品中大量地使用了各种反讽手法,所以无论从精神本质还是从创作实践来看,鲁迅都是一个反讽者。

Irony is not only a rhetorical method, but also a cognitive method and an attitude towards life. The subjective consciousness and the endless absolute negation are its two indispensable elements. The process of Lu Xun＇s literary creation is guided by a prudent mind accompanied by subjectivity. Since the reality lost its validity and substantiality in his view, it turned to be an absurd and grotesque world. So he rejected this reality with the very reality in which he lived. Lu Xun also employed various ironies in his works; so both in spiritual essence and creative practice, Lu Xun was an ironist.