20世纪中国文学改造国民性话语的错位性

Reform of the Inversion of Nationality Discourse by the 20th Century Chinese Literature

从戊戌维新、五四新文化运动、新时期思想解放这三次启蒙高潮中抽取以“改造国民性”为主题的经典文本进行切片分析,会发现该话语在奠基、展开和演变的过程中呈现出一系列错位性。《新中国未来记》的乐观启蒙想象与深重现实忧患、逐新艺术追求与滞后主体意识、明确启蒙导向与冷落接受反映之间的错位;《阿Q正传》的悲观启蒙反思与乐观文化思潮、超然叙述人的自我审视与启蒙权威话语缺乏自我质疑、透视人性主旨与唯一启蒙期待之间的错位;新时期愈有意识继承该话语却愈远离其精髓,愈要超越却反而在无意中继承了它,这些无不启发着对中国文学现代转型曲折性的新认识。

The 1898 Reform Movement, the May 4th Movement and the emancipation of the mind in the New Stage are three waves of enlightenment in China. When we select classical works whose theme is ＂reforming nationality＂ in those periods, we find a series of inversion phenomena. In The Tale of the New Chinese future , the digression and the absurdity between the tradition and modem consciousness implied a fact that the foundation of literary modernization＇s enlightening discourses baffled the developmental possibilities during its own development. In The True Story ofAh Q ,In Xun＇s transcendent thinking about the humanity submerged deeply into the acceptant mentality of the ＂national self- criticism＂ in that period. Bearing overabundance of realist function, it met the fate that had been systemized. However, the root- seeking literature continued the discourse of ＂reforming nationality＂ accidentally in the unconsciousness complex that cannot be extricated.