辽宁北部地区地形分异的生态效应

THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TOPOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN NORTHERN LIAONING PROVINCE

辽北地区东部低山丘陵区存在植被垂直分异现象,中部平原区和西部沙质草甸草原区存在植被水平分异现象.对它们与生态系统的相互关系进行了研究.区域地形特征直接控制和影响着地方气候和小气候、风化和成土作用、水文地质作用、表生带地球化学过程等生态环境条件,进而控制和影响着植物群落和动物群落类型及其分布.即地形影响和决定生态环境条件,进而影响生物界(植物、动物、微生物和人类),地形与生物界具有相互影响和制约的密切关系.中小地形影响小气候,而小气候影响生物.

Vertical vegetative differentiation exists in the eastern mountainous area of Northern Liaoning Province, while horizontal vegetative differentiation occurs in the central plain and western sandy meadow. Study on the correlation between the vegetative differentiation and ecosystem shows that the characters of regional topography directly control and affect the ecological environments such as local climate, microclimate, weathering, soil forming, hydrogeology and geochemistry of hypergenic zone, and then the species and distribution of plant and animal communities. There is an interaction and restriction between topography and living natures （plants, animals, microorganism and human beings）. Small and middle scaled topography influences microclimate. The microclimate then influences biology.